Dual control for flying-machines.



D. F'. CASHIVIAN.

DUAL CONTROL FOR FLYING MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED Dsc. 14. 1915.

1,177,382. Patented Mar. 28, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

D. F. CASHMAN.

DUALCONTROL FOR FLYING MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED DkEc. i4, 1915.

1,177,382. Patented Mar. 28, 1916.

t 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

H /f A 5 @a 1 i /g Y a V/ mo 57 f "36 g-L3. E I l L enw'asizmam) DENIS F. CASHMAN, 0F DAYTON, OHIO.

DUAL CONTROL FOR FLYING-MACHINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 28, 1916.

Application led December 14, 1915. Serial No. 66,810.`

To all whomI it may concern Be it known that I, DENIS F. CAsHMAN, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at Dayton, in the county of Montgomery and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dual Controls for Flying-Machines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to ymake and use the same.

The invention relates to improvements in controlling mechanism for flying machines.

The object of the present invention is to improve the construction of controlling mechanism for flying machines and to provide simple, practical and comparatively inexpensive controlling mechanism of light, strong, and durableconstruction designed for use on various types of flying machines both those heavier than air and of the dirigible type and capable of enabling the machine to be controlled by one or more persons so that in event to injury of one of the pilots the machine may be properly handled by another withoutchanging seats and endangering the machine through loss of control of the same.

A further object of the invention is to provide a controlling mechanism of this character adapted to be controlled b easy and natural movement and capable o operating the elevator plane to lift the machine by a backward movement of the operator and depress the machine by a forward movement and at the same time enable the ma. chine to be guided to the right or left without affecting the position ofthe elevator plane and by the use of a single controlling element.

It is also the object of the invention to enable the controlling means to be connected with the plane by direct connection so that there will be no liability of slack or necessitate winding and unwinding flexible Y connections from drums and the like.

With these and other objects in view the invention consists in the construction and novel combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings and pointed out in the claims hereto appended, it. being understood that various changes in the form, proportion and minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a plan View of a fiying machine provided with a control constructed in accordance with this invention, Fig.` 2 is a side elevation of the` same,

Fig. 3 is an enlarged plan View partly in section illustrating the construction of the controlling mechanism, Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional View l on the line 4--4 of Fig. 3, F ig. 5 is a transverse sectional view on the line 5 5 of Fig. 3, Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view on the line 6 6 of Fig. 4, Fig. '7 is a* detail sectional view of a locking device.

Like numerals of reference designate corresponding parts in the several lfigures of the drawings.

In the accompanying drawings in which is illustrated the preferred embodiment of the invention, the controlling mechanism is shown applied to a monoplane of the Bleriot type but it may be used on various types of flying machines whether aeroplanes or dirigible machines and the said controlling mechanism comprises in'itsl construction one or more longitudinal shafts 1, two of such shafts being illustrated in the accompanying drawings to provide a dual control but the number of the shafts may be varied to provide a control for as many persons or pilots as desired. By providing a means for .enabling a plurality of persons to simultaneously and in unison control a flying machine the control of the latter will not be lost and the machine endangered should an accident incapacitate any one of the pilots and the necessity of changing seats in order to obtain control of themachine is thus avoided. The shafts 1 which are equipped at their rear ends with steering or controlling wheels 2 are provided with terminal round portions 3 and 4 which are slidably journaled in suitable bearings 5 and 6 of the frame 7 of the machine or other supporting means. These shafts 1 which may be mounted in any desired manner are provided with a polygonal portion 8 and a round rack portion 9. The polygonal portion which is preferably square is slidable through a corresponding polygonal opening 10 of a transversely disposed pinion 11 held against longitudinal movement by any suitable means and meshing with a transversely movable rack bar 12. The rack bar which is arranged in suitable guides 13 is movable transversely of the downwardly extendin the arms 24 cause the elevator plane to tilt upwardlyk to elevate the machine when the machine land is connected with the front terminals of flexible connections 14: guided by suitable pulleys 15 and connected at their rear ends'with the arm 16 of the rudder 17. The rudder 17 is pivoted at its front edge in the usual manner and the arm 16 extends laterally from opposite sides of the rudder. The flexible connections constitute direct connections between the rack bar 12 and the arms of the rudder and whenthe steering or controlling wheel is turned to the right, the transversely movable rack bar l1 will be carried to theletand 4will cause the rudder to swing to. the right for steering the machine in that direction. By thisarrangement the steering or controlling wheel is turned in the direction in which it is de.` sired to steer the machine. The guides 13 which may be of any desired, construction" are preferably.y provided with arms 18 located in advance and in rear of the pinion 11 for holding the same. against longitudinal movement with the shaft 1. The round rack `portions 9.of the shafts 1 mesh with vertically arranged longitudinally disposed pinions 19 which are carried by a transverse shaft 20 journaled in suitable bearings ofthe vframe of the machine yand provided with-r oppositelydisposed arms22a extending up `uvardly and downwardly. from the transverse shaft 20 and connected yby a .flexible connection 22 with the elevator plane or planes 23 which lare pivoted at their front edges on a horizontal axis in the usual man ner and are provided with upwardly and arms 24 andthe 1flexible connections l.w ich are -attachedrto controlling shafts are moved rearwardly and the elevator planes are swung in the opposite directions to depress thel machine when the shafts 1 are moved forwardly.

The frontfflexible connections' 22. a-re` at tachedto arms 22a of the transverse shaft 20. y,Bv this construction theelevator planes are operated -bv natural movement. of the.

" pilot or pilots. uThe longitudinal movement of the shafts 1 imay beefl'ected when ythe rudder is in any position without' aifectlng the latter, and the position of the rudder may be changed without ,aitl'ectingl the posi-v tion of the elevator planes. Instead .of con-f necting the controlling mechanism with the rudder and elevator planes as shown inythe 'accompanying drawings it' willy be apparent that the transversely movable rack bar and the transverselshai'tA may be connected with the steering-'and elevating means of.'

vvarious vtypes of flying machines.

While the round rack'bars are shown provided with teeth extending entirely around them the length of the arcuate teeth may be varied where it is unnecessary to provide for a complete revolution ofthe controlling or operating shaft.; Also by having? the teeth of the rack portions 9 curved or parts.

Any suitable locking means `maybe employed for securing the longitudinal oper` ating or controlling shaft against rotary and `longitudinal movement and in fthegac-l companying drawings the shafts 1 are.

shown provided with diametrically disposed perforations 25 which areengaged by locking pins 26 operating inl diametrically opposite openings 27 ofthe front bearings; 5 f While the transversely movable rack bar is shownconnected With'the wire of the rudder it may be used for operating the'warpf lng control or the like-and the rudder :could then be operated by the ordinary foot levers or pedals or other means.

What is'claimed is a 1.- Controlling mechanism .for flying .ma-

chines including` a transversely-movable` rack bar designed to lbe connected withl` the rudder'of `a liying machine, a transversely. disposed pinion. meshingwith the said lrackbar, a transverse-shaft designed to'belconnected with the elevating plane oi a flying machine, a longitudinally disposed'pinion. mounted on the said shaft,L a longitudinall shaftslidable through and provided withy means `:tor interlockingit with the transverse r pinion andv having around rack portion meshing with the longitudinally disposed pinion, said longitudinal shaft being:y adapted to be either rotated nally.y

or moved longitudil2. Controlling mechanisml for flying.` mae chines including. a 1 transverselyl disposed rack bar, a pluralityof transversely, disposed pinions mesh-ing with the racksbar, longitudinally movablev operating or control ling shafts extending thro'ugh'and slidably interlocked with the vsaid pinions and provided lwith round rack portions havingmrcuate teeth and a transverselydisposed shatjf provi-ded withq pinions"y meshing -With the f 'rack portions of the controlling oroperating l v 120 i 3. Controlling mechanism for ,llying.mal i shafts.

chines including ;aeplurality of longitudi#` nally disposed controlling shaftsy mounted? `for rotary and' longitudinal movementand provided with rack portions,` a` transverse vshaft having pinions meshing with `the rack ,portions, a transversely movable rackbar and pinions meshing with the rackbar and slidably interlocked; with the longitudinali shafts.

umass tudmal movement.

5. Controlling mechanism of the class described including a lurality of longitudinal controlling sha ts lprovided at their rear ends with operating devices and having polygonal portions and round rack bars, a transverse shaft having pinions meshing with the rack bars, a transversely movable rack -bar and pinions meshing with the transversely movable rack bar and slidably interlocked with the polygonal portions of the longitudinal shaft.

6. Controlling mechanism of the'class described including a plurality of longitudil nal controlling shafts provided at thelrrear ends with operating devices and having polygonal portions and round' rack bars, a transverse shaft having pinions meshing with the rack bars, a transversely movable' rack bar and pinions meshing with the in presence of two witnesses.

transversely movable rack bar and slidably interlocked with the polygonal portions of the longitudinal shaft, means for connect ing the transversely movable rack bar with the rudder of a flying machine and means for connecting the transverse shaft with the elevator lane of a flying machine.

7. Control ing mechanism for flying machines including a plurality of longitudinally movable controlling shafts provided with rack portions, a transversely disposed shaft having pinionsmeshing with the rack ortions and provided with upwardly and ownwardly extending arms, means for connecting the said arms lwith the elevatorA p lane of a flying machine, a transversely dls osed rack bar, pinions slidably interloc ed with the controlling shafts and meshing with the transversely) guiding means located eyond thel ends of the transversely disposed rack bar and flexible connections guided by the said guiding means and connected with the ends of the transverse rack bar and designed to extend to the rudder of the flying machine.

disposed rack bar,

In testimony whereof I alx my signature I DENIS F. CASHMAN.

vWitnesses:

ANNA W. MAnoNnY, MARY F. KINNINQER. 

